فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز و زمستان 1376)

In order to estimate the effects of the macrc~econornic indicators on the income distribution of Iran, the time series data during the period of 1971-1991 were used. First the yammetric inequality indicators (the Gini coefficients) were estimated for the years 1991-1972. The results show the lowest level of inequality in 1980 with G=0.42 and the highest level in 1982 with G=0.55. Arzulysing the effects of macroeconomic factors on the distribution of income, it is ,found that the labotir ratio wtrs the most important factor effecting the inequality; one percent increase in this mtio will reduce the inequality by about 3.1 percent. In the same direction, one percent increase in productivity of' lcibour will reduce the inequality by about 0.57 percent. On the other hand, the government expenditure per household, inflation (the concumer price index growth), the share of' personal income from GNP arzd the total tax per household all with one lag had increasing eflects on the inequality level. The results show one percent increase in thegovernment expenditure per household, was spend in such a way that instead of decreasing inequality, it had increased the inequality level by about 0.36 percent. Also, one percent increase in infkrtion personcrl incoine share, total tax per household, each had increased the inequality level of the next year by about 0.06%, 0.37% and respectively. Therefore, the tax system and/or the tux collection hystem have been managed in such a way that had increasing effect instead of decreading effect. Also, both the indirect as well as direct tux tzad eJJjCects on the same direction as the total tax.

Investment and financing it, is one of the crucial discussions in the economics of development and k at the center of the attention of economists. In the economic literature, it is shown that increasing the government, In other words, public sector investment will crowed out private sector investment. In this article we have tried to answer one major question. Thut is, whether the public investment in the Iranian economy has caused any significant limitation for private investment or not? The necessary test for answering the above question are done bused on the model of Beljer and Khan. Because of the data limitation. particularly in the stocks capital, its optimum level and the process of public investment, different techniques have been applied. The results obtained in case of testing private sector investment in machinary is relatively satisfactory. Generally, we can claim that in Iran the phenomenon of financial crowding out, is not outstanding. On the other hand the government investment have basically had complementary aspects for the private sector in Iran.

Production is termed as a complex process comprising of time and place factors interations. Eficient managers may maximize their commercial profits through the recent mrjrture of the said factors. So plant location is an important ecrzptomk criterion and is applied as a guideline for the profit maximization. One of the salient point in market locatioa k the maximization of emency in national or regional developments which is technically defined as the appropriate allocation of production means and consquently the best utilization of natural and human resources. Nevertheless, other viewpoints contradict the said thesis. For example, sycologits continuously critkize plant location sirategy which is devised by free market investment. Likewise, geographers argue that plant location policies must be determined by the governments since it is more wise, safe, pluralktic and has comprehensive coverage of plant segments rather than being set by private sector. As a matter of fact, plant location calls for a sincere cooperation between national interest and private sector interest and above all it is irreparable and irrevocable error if it fails or mislocated. In this case severe negative consequences will be imposed on the national economy as well as social walfare arrangements. In conclusion, the present research endeavors to recognize the importance of the Gol- gohar region in suppEying the chief raw materials necessary for smelting plants, the costs and charges incurred in the operation of Mobarakeh steel plant and whether the best market location is the province of Kerman or we might have had another althemative region for the said plant installation

Proposing a simple simulation model, this article analyzes the subject of utilizing oil revenues for the economic development of Iran. Using the most recent data and economic indexes of the country and applying a simultaraeous equations model, the key macroeconomic varialbes are simulated for a period of fjly years. The results of the model show that if oil continues to be the main policy instrument of the country for economic development, variables like oil revenues, per capita oil consumption, oil production and current oil reserves will &crease during the period set for the model. The decreasing behavior of these variables, graphical& shown, is based on assumptions made for population growth rate, growth rate of demand for oil, price of oil and reserves to production ratio. Nevertheless, the model i.v set in a way that, there is always the possibil&y of changing the assumptions, Observing the new result., comparing them to the original results, and measuring the sensitivity of the model for each policy change.